2021 Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures. Alzheimers Dement. 2021;17(3):327–406. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12328.

Sotthibundhu A, Sykes AM, Fox B, Underwood CK, Thangnipon W, Coulson EJ. β-Amyloid 1–42 induces neuronal death through the p75 neurotrophin receptor. J Neurosci. 2008;28:3941–6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hernandez CM, Kayed R, Zheng H, Sweatt JD, Dineley KT. Loss of 7 nicotinic receptors enhances amyloid oligomer accumulation, exacerbating early-stage cognitive decline and septohippocampal pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurosci. 2010;30:2442–53.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Brouillette J. The effects of soluble Aβ oligomers on neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease. Curr Pharm Des. 2014;20:2506–19.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lue L-F, Kuo Y-M, Roher AE, Brachova L, Shen Y, Sue L, et al. Soluble amyloid β peptide concentration as a predictor of synaptic change in Alzheimer’s disease. Am J Pathol. 1999;155:853–62.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Brouillette J, Caillierez R, Zommer N, Alves-Pires C, Benilova I, Blum D, et al. Neurotoxicity and memory deficits induced by soluble low-molecular-weight amyloid-β 1–42 oligomers are revealed in vivo by using a novel animal model. J Neurosci. 2012;32:7852–61.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dubois B, Hampel H, Feldman HH, Scheltens P, Aisen P, Andrieu S, et al. Preclinical Alzheimer’s disease: definition, natural history, and diagnostic criteria. Alzheimers Dement. 2016;12:292–323.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fagan AM, Roe CM, Xiong C, Mintun MA, Morris JC, Holtzman DM. Cerebrospinal fluid tau/β-amyloid42 ratio as a prediction of cognitive decline in nondemented older adults. Arch Neurol. 2007;64:343–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gustafson DR, Skoog I, Rosengren L, Zetterberg H, Blennow K. Cerebrospinal fluid β-amyloid 1–42 concentration may predict cognitive decline in older women. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2006;78:461–4.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Stomrud E, Hansson O, Blennow K, Minthon L, Londos E. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers predict decline in subjective cognitive function over 3 years in healthy elderly. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2007;24:118–24.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bateman RJ, Xiong C, Benzinger TLS, Fagan AM, Goate A, Fox NC, et al. Clinical and biomarker changes in dominantly inherited Alzheimer’s disease. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:795–804.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Vitiello MV, Prinz PN, Williams DE, Frommlet MS, Ries RK. Sleep disturbances in patients with mild-stage Alzheimer’s disease. J Gerontol. 1990;45:M131–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bliwise DL, Tinklenberg J, Yesavage JA, Davies H, Pursley AM, Petta DE, et al. REM latency in Alzheimer’s disease. Biol Psychiatry. 1989;25:320–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bonanni E, Maestri M, Tognoni G, Fabbrini M, Nucciarone B, Manca ML, et al. Daytime sleepiness in mild and moderate Alzheimer’s disease and its relationship with cognitive impairment. J Sleep Res. 2005;14:311–7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Petit D, Gagnon J-F, Fantini ML, Ferini-Strambi L, Montplaisir J. Sleep and quantitative EEG in neurodegenerative disorders. J Psychosom Res. 2004;56:487–96.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dlugaj M, Weinreich G, Weimar C, et al. Sleep-disordered breathing, sleep quality, and mild cognitive impairment in the general population. J Alzheimers Dis. 2014;41:479–97.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Westerberg CE, Mander BA, Florczak SM, Weintraub S, Mesulam M-M, Zee PC, et al. Concurrent impairments in sleep and memory in amnestic mild cognitive impairment. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2012;18:490–500.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Brayet P, Petit D, Frauscher B, Gagnon J-F, Gosselin N, Gagnon K, et al. Quantitative EEG of rapid-eye-movement sleep: a marker of amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Clin EEG Neurosci. 2016;47:134–41.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ju YES, McLeland JS, Toedebusch CD, Xiong C, Fagan AM, Duntley SP, et al. Sleep quality and preclinical Alzheimer disease. JAMA Neurol. 2013;70:587–93.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dufort-Gervais J, Mongrain V, Brouillette J. Bidirectional relationships between sleep and amyloid-beta in the hippocampus. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2019;160:108–17.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kreuzer M, Keating GL, Fenzl T, Härtner L, Sinon CG, Hajjar I, et al. Sleep/wake behavior and EEG signatures of the TgF344-AD rat model at the prodromal stage. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21:9290.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gurevicius K, Lipponen A, Tanila H. Increased cortical and thalamic excitability in freely moving APPswe/PS1dE9 mice modeling epileptic activity associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Cereb Cortex. 2013;23:1148–58.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Roh JH, Huang Y, Bero AW, Kasten T, Stewart FR, Bateman RJ, Holtzman DM. Disruption of the sleep-wake cycle and diurnal fluctuation of β-amyloid in mice with Alzheimer’s disease pathology. Sci Transl Med. 2012;4:150ra122.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhang B, Veasey SC, Wood MA, Leng LZ, Kaminski C, Leight S, et al. Impaired rapid eye movement sleep in the Tg2576 APP murine model of Alzheimer’s disease with injury to pedunculopontine cholinergic neurons. Am J Pathol. 2005;167:1361–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Colby-Milley J, Cavanagh C, Jego S, Breitner JCS, Quirion R, Adamantidis A. Sleep-wake cycle dysfunction in the TgCRND8 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease: from early to advanced pathological stages. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0130177.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sasaguri H, Nilsson P, Hashimoto S, Nagata K, Saito T, De Strooper B, et al. APP mouse models for Alzheimer’s disease preclinical studies. EMBO J. 2017;36:2473–87.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Saito T, Matsuba Y, Yamazaki N, Hashimoto S, Saido TC. Calpain activation in Alzheimer’s model mice is an artifact of APP and presenilin overexpression. J Neurosci. 2016;36:9933–6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sajadi A, Provost C, Pham B, Brouillette J. Neurodegeneration in an animal model of chronic amyloid-beta oligomer infusion is counteracted by antibody treatment infused with osmotic pumps. J Vis Exp. 2016;114:54215.

Google Scholar 

Boyce R, Glasgow SD, Williams S, Adamantidis A. Causal evidence for the role of REM sleep theta rhythm in contextual memory consolidation. Science. 2016;352:812–6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dufort-Gervais J, Provost C, Charbonneau L, Norris CM, Calon F, Mongrain V, Brouillette J. Neuroligin-1 is altered in the hippocampus of Alzheimer’s disease patients and mouse models, and modulates the toxicity of amyloid-beta oligomers. Sci Rep. 2020;10:6956.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Paxinos G, Watson C. The rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates. 6th ed. Cambridge: Academic Press; 2006.

Google Scholar 

Bah TM, Laplante F, Wann BP, Sullivan R, Rousseau G, Godbout R. Paradoxical sleep insomnia and decreased cholinergic neurons after myocardial infarction in rats. Sleep. 2010;33:1703–10.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kuperstein I, Broersen K, Benilova I, Rozenski J, Jonckheere W, Debulpaep M, et al. Neurotoxicity of Alzheimer’s disease Aβ peptides is induced by small changes in the Aβ42 to Aβ40 ratio. EMBO J. 2010;29:3408–20.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Broersen K, Jonckheere W, Rozenski J, Vandersteen A, Pauwels K, Pastore A, et al. A standardized and biocompatible preparation of aggregate-free amyloid beta peptide for biophysical and biological studies of Alzheimer’s disease. Protein Eng Des Sel. 2011;24:743–50.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Faucher P, Mons N, Micheau J, Louis C, Beracochea DJ. Hippocampal injections of oligomeric amyloid β-peptide (1–42) induce selective working memory deficits and long-lasting alterations of ERK signaling pathway. Front Aging Neurosci. 2016;7:245.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Seok BS, Bélanger-Nelson E, Provost C, Gibbs S, Mongrain V. The effect of Neuroligin-2 absence on sleep architecture and electroencephalographic activity in mice. Mol Brain. 2018;11:52.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central