Towards precision medicine in migraine: Recent therapeutic advances and potential biomarkers to understand heterogeneity and treatment response

5-HT1B/D

serotonin 1B and 1D

A1/A2A

adenosine receptors

ASIC

acid-sensing ion channels

BKCa

large conductance calcium-activated potassium

cAMP

cyclic adenosine monophosphate

CBT

cognitive behavioral therapy

CGAS

candidate gene association study

cGMP

cyclic guanosine monophosphate

CGRP

calcitonin-gene related peptide

CLR

calcitonin-like receptor

CNS

central nervous system

CYP3A4

cytochrome P 450 3A4

EHF

European Headache Federation

FDA

The United States Food and Drug Administration

FHM

familial hemiplegic migraine

GWAS

genome-wide association study

HDL

high density lipoprotein

ICHD-3

The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition

KATP

adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium

LMICs

low and middle-income countries

MA

episodic migraine with aura

MAF

minor allele frequency

MO

episodic migraine without aura

MOH

medication-overuse headache

NSAID

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug

nNOS

neural nitric oxide synthase

OATP

organic anion transporter protein

ODT

orally disintegrating tablet

PACAP

pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide

qRT-PCR

quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction

RAMP1

receptor activity-modifying protein 1

RCT

randomized controlled trial

SNP

single nucleotide polymorphism

TIA

transient ischaemic attack

TRP

transient receptor potential

TRPA1

transient receptor potential ankyrin 1

TRPM8

transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8

TSHR

thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor

WES

whole-exome sequencing

WGS

whole-genome sequencing

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