Douglawi, A. & Masterson, T. A. Updates on the epidemiology and risk factors for penile cancer. Transl. Androl. Urol. 6, 785–790 (2017).
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Moore, T. O. et al. Human papillomavirus, smoking, and cancer. J. Cutan. Med. Surg. 5, 323–328 (2001).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Tsen, H. F., Morgenstern, H., Mack, T. & Peters, R. K. Risk factors for penile cancer: results of a population-based case-control study in Los Angeles County (United States). Cancer Causes Control 12, 267–277 (2001).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Do, H. T. T. et al. The etiologic role of human papillomavirus in penile cancers: a study in Vietnam. Br. J. Cancer 108, 229–233 (2013).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Fu, L. et al. Global pattern and trends in penile cancer incidence: population-based study. JMIR Public Health Surveill. 8, e34874 (2022).
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Olesen, T. B. et al. Prevalence of human papillomavirus DNA and p16INK4a in penile cancer and penile intraepithelial neoplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Oncol. 20, 145–158 (2019).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Wenzel, M. et al. Temporal trends, tumor characteristics and stage-specific survival in penile non-squamous cell carcinoma vs. squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Causes Control 33, 25–35 (2022).
Xu, L., Dahlstrom, K. R., Lairson, D. R. & Sturgis, E. M. Projected oropharyngeal carcinoma incidence among middle-aged US men. Head Neck 41, 3226–3234 (2019).
Bruni, L. et al. Global and regional estimates of genital human papillomavirus prevalence among men: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob. Health 11, e1345–e1362 (2023).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Vieira, C. B. et al. Profile of patients with penile cancer in the region with the highest worldwide incidence. Sci. Rep. 10, 2965 (2020).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Brouwer, O. R. et al. European Association of Urology-American Society of Clinical Oncology Collaborative Guideline on Penile Cancer: 2023 Update. Eur. Urol. 83, 548–560 (2023).
Tomas, Anita et al. Penile cancer. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers 7, 11 (2021). This comprehensive primer provides essential insights into the epidemiology, pathology and management strategies for penile cancer, highlighting the need for increased awareness and improved treatment protocols in this rare malignancy.
Schlenker, B. & Schneede, P. The role of human papilloma virus in penile cancer prevention and new therapeutic agents. Eur. Urol. Focus 5, 42–45 (2019). The study emphasizes the association between HPV and penile cancer, advocating for preventive measures and innovative therapeutic approaches to mitigate this risk.
Deng, X. et al. Trends in incidence, mortality, and survival of penile cancer in the United States: a population-based study. Front. Oncol. 12, 891623 (2022).
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Djajadiningrat, R. S. et al. Contemporary management of regional nodes in penile cancer — improvement of survival? J. Urol. 191, 68–73 (2014).
Muneer, A. et al. Penile cancer: ESMO–EURACAN Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. ESMO Open 9, 103481 (2024).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Bandini, M., Pederzoli, F. & Necchi, A. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for lymph node-positive penile cancer: current evidence and knowledge. Curr. Opin. Urol. 30, 218–222 (2020).
Chipollini, J., Necchi, A. & Spiess, P. E. Outcomes for patients with node-positive penile cancer: impact of perioperative systemic therapies and the importance of surgical intervention. Eur. Urol. 74, 241–242 (2018).
Tang, Y., Hu, X., Wu, K. & Li, X. Immune landscape and immunotherapy for penile cancer. Front. Immunol. 13, 1055235 (2022).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Cleary, C. et al. Biological features of human papillomavirus-related head and neck cancers contributing to improved response. Clin. Oncol. 28, 467–474 (2016).
van Kempen, P. M. W. et al. Differences in methylation profiles between HPV-positive and HPV-negative oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review. Epigenetics 9, 194–203 (2014).
McBride, A. A. Human papillomaviruses: diversity, infection and host interactions. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 20, 95–108 (2022). The complexity of HPVs, their diverse interactions with hosts and their implications for diseases such as penile cancer are discussed in this review, underscoring the importance of understanding HPV biology for effective prevention strategies.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Van Doorslaer, K. Evolution of the papillomaviridae. Virology 445, 11–20 (2013).
Moscicki, A.-B. et al. Updating the natural history of human papillomavirus and anogenital cancers. Vaccine 30, F24–F33 (2012).
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
de Martel, C., Plummer, M., Vignat, J. & Franceschi, S. Worldwide burden of cancer attributable to HPV by site, country and HPV type. Int. J. Cancer 141, 664–670 (2017).
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Doorbar, J., Egawa, N., Griffin, H., Kranjec, C. & Murakami, I. Human papillomavirus molecular biology and disease association. Rev. Med. Virol. 25, 2–23 (2015).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Mittal, S. & Banks, L. Molecular mechanisms underlying human papillomavirus E6 and E7 oncoprotein-induced cell transformation. Mutat. Res. Rev. Mutat. Res. 772, 23–35 (2017).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Nazha, B. et al. Comprehensive genomic profiling of penile squamous cell carcinoma and the impact of human papillomavirus status on immune-checkpoint inhibitor-related biomarkers. Cancer 129, 3884–3893 (2023).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Martinez-Zapien, D. et al. Structure of the E6/E6AP/p53 complex required for HPV-mediated degradation of p53. Nature 529, 541–545 (2016).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Elst, L. et al. Single-cell atlas of penile cancer reveals TP53 mutations as a driver of an aggressive phenotype, irrespective of human papillomavirus status, and provides clues for treatment personalization. Eur. Urol. S0302-2838, 02266–02268 (2024).
DiGiuseppe, S., Bienkowska-Haba, M., Guion, L. G. M., Keiffer, T. R. & Sapp, M. Human papillomavirus major capsid protein L1 remains associated with the incoming viral genome throughout the entry process. J. Virol. 91, e00537–17 (2017).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Ferreira, A. R., Ramalho, A. C., Marques, M. & Ribeiro, D. The interplay between antiviral signalling and carcinogenesis in human papillomavirus infections. Cancers 12, 646 (2020).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Florin, L., Schäfer, F., Sotlar, K., Streeck, R. E. & Sapp, M. Reorganization of nuclear domain 10 induced by papillomavirus capsid protein l2. Virology 295, 97–107 (2002).
Comments (0)