Evans WJ, Morley JE, Argilés J, Bales C, Baracos V, Guttridge D, et al. Cachexia: a new definition. Clin Nutr. 2008;27:793–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2008.06.013.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fearon K, Strasser F, Anker SD, Bosaeus I, Bruera E, Fainsinger RL, et al. Definition and classification of cancer cachexia: an international consensus. Lancet Oncol. 2011;12:489–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(10)70218-7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dewys WD, Begg C, Lavin PT, Band PR, Bennett JM, Bertino JR, et al. Prognostic effect of weight loss prior to chemotherapy in cancer patients. Eastern cooperative oncology group. Am J Med. 1980;69:491–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0149-2918(05)80001-3.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Moses AW, Slater C, Preston T, Barber MD, Fearon KC. Reduced total energy expenditure and physical activity in cachectic patients with pancreatic cancer can be modulated by an energy and protein dense oral supplement enriched with n-3 fatty acids. Br J Cancer. 2004;90:996–1002. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6601620.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Avancini A, Trestini I, Tregnago D, Cavallo A, Bragato M, Bonaiuto C, et al. Multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention to manage pancreatic cancer-related cachexia: a case report. Future Sci OA. 2020;7:Fso659. https://doi.org/10.2144/fsoa-2020-0165.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Argilés JM, Busquets S, Stemmler B, López-Soriano FJ. Cancer cachexia: understanding the molecular basis. Nat Rev Cancer. 2014;14:754–62. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc3829.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Baracos VE, Martin L, Korc M, Guttridge DC, Fearon KCH. Cancer-associated cachexia. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2018;4:17105. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2017.105.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dillon EL, Basra G, Horstman AM, Casperson SL, Randolph KM, Durham WJ, et al. Cancer cachexia and anabolic interventions: a case report. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2012;3:253–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13539-012-0066-6.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hou YC, Wang CJ, Chao YJ, Chen HY, Wang HC, Tung HL, et al. Elevated serum interleukin-8 level correlates with cancer-related cachexia and sarcopenia: an indicator for pancreatic cancer outcomes. J Clin Med. 2018. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7120502.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lu SW, Pan HC, Hsu YH, Chang KC, Wu LW, Chen WY, et al. IL-20 antagonist suppresses PD-L1 expression and prolongs survival in pancreatic cancer models. Nat Commun. 2020;11:4611. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18244-8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jengelley DHA, Wang M, Narasimhan A, Rupert JE, Young AR, Zhong X, et al. Exogenous Oncostatin M induces cardiac dysfunction, musculoskeletal atrophy, and fibrosis. Cytokine. 2022;159:155972. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155972.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lerner L, Hayes TG, Tao N, Krieger B, Feng B, Wu Z, et al. Plasma growth differentiation factor 15 is associated with weight loss and mortality in cancer patients. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2015;6:317–24. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12033.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Thibaut MM, Sboarina M, Roumain M, Pötgens SA, Neyrinck AM, Destrée F, et al. Inflammation-induced cholestasis in cancer cachexia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2021;12:70–90. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12652.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Petruzzelli M, Schweiger M, Schreiber R, Campos-Olivas R, Tsoli M, Allen J, et al. A switch from white to brown fat increases energy expenditure in cancer-associated cachexia. Cell Metab. 2014;20:433–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2014.06.011.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Suriben R, Chen M, Higbee J, Oeffinger J, Ventura R, Li B, et al. Antibody-mediated inhibition of GDF15-GFRAL activity reverses cancer cachexia in mice. Nat Med. 2020;26:1264–70. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0945-x.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jatoi A, Dakhil SR, Nguyen PL, Sloan JA, Kugler JW, Rowland KM Jr, et al. A placebo-controlled double blind trial of etanercept for the cancer anorexia/weight loss syndrome: results from N00C1 from the North central cancer treatment group. Cancer. 2007;110:1396–403. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.22944.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jatoi A, Ritter HL, Dueck A, Nguyen PL, Nikcevich DA, Luyun RF, et al. A placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of infliximab for cancer-associated weight loss in elderly and/or poor performance non-small cell lung cancer patients (N01C9). Lung Cancer. 2010;68:234–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lungcan.2009.06.020.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cummings RD, Smith DF. The selectin family of carbohydrate-binding proteins: structure and importance of carbohydrate ligands for cell adhesion. BioEssays. 1992;14:849–56. https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.950141210.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ley K. The role of selectins in inflammation and disease. Trends Mol Med. 2003;9:263–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1471-4914(03)00071-6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hartwell DW, Mayadas TN, Berger G, Frenette PS, Rayburn H, Hynes RO, et al. Role of P-selectin cytoplasmic domain in granular targeting in vivo and in early inflammatory responses. J Cell Biol. 1998;143:1129–41. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.143.4.1129.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

McEver RP. GMP-140: a receptor for neutrophils and monocytes on activated platelets and endothelium. J Cell Biochem. 1991;45:156–61. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240450206.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Aruffo A, Kolanus W, Walz G, Fredman P, Seed B. CD62/P-selectin recognition of myeloid and tumor cell sulfatides. Cell. 1991;67:35–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(91)90570-o.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Assinger A, Buchberger E, Laky M, Esfandeyari A, Brostjan C, Volf I. Periodontopathogens induce soluble P-selectin release by endothelial cells and platelets. Thromb Res. 2011;127:e20-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2010.10.023.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Arribas M, Cutler DF. Weibel–Palade body membrane proteins exhibit differential trafficking after exocytosis in endothelial cells. Traffic. 2000;1:783–93. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0854.2000.011005.x.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wirtz PH, Hong S, Redwine LS, Tafur J, Rutledge T, Ziegler MG, et al. Depressive symptoms are associated with soluble P-selectin reactivity to acute exercise in heart failure. Biol Psychiatr. 2009;65:801–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.11.013.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Dunlop LC, Skinner MP, Bendall LJ, Favaloro EJ, Castaldi PA, Gorman JJ, et al. Characterization of GMP-140 (P-selectin) as a circulating plasma protein. J Exp Med. 1992;175:1147–50. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.175.4.1147.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Panicker SR, Mehta-D’souza P, Zhang N, Klopocki AG, Shao B, McEver RP. Circulating soluble P-selectin must dimerize to promote inflammation and coagulation in mice. Blood. 2017;130:181–91. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2017-02-770479.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Faraday N, Scharpf RB, Dodd-o JM, Martinez EA, Rosenfeld BA, Dorman T. Leukocytes can enhance platelet-mediated aggregation and thromboxane release via interaction of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 with P-selectin. Anesthesiology. 2001;94:145–51. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200101000-00025.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhu X, Burfeind KG, Michaelis KA, Braun TP, Olson B, Pelz KR, et al. MyD88 signalling is critical in the development of pancreatic cancer cachexia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2019;10:378–90. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12377.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Burfeind KG, Zhu X, Norgard MA, Levasseur PR, Huisman C, Michaelis KA, et al. Microglia in the hypothalamus respond to tumor-derived factors and are protective against cachexia during pancreatic cancer. Glia. 2020;68:1479–94. https://doi.org/10.1002/glia.23796.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Olson B, Norgard MA, Levasseur PR, Zhu X, Marks DL. Physiologic and molecular characterization of a novel murine model of metastatic head and neck cancer cachexia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2021;12:1312–32. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12745.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Law PJ, Timofeeva M, Fernandez-Rozadilla C, Broderick P, Studd J, Fernandez-Tajes J, et al. Association analyses identify 31 new risk loci for colorectal cancer susceptibility. Nat Commun. 2019;10:2154. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09775-w.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central