Agarwal H, Venkat Kumar S, Rajeshkumar S. A review on green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles—an eco-friendly approach. Resour Technol. 2017;3:406–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reffit.2017.03.002.

Article  Google Scholar 

Akhtar N, Khan S, Rehman SU, Rehman ZU, Mashwani ZUR, Rha ES, et al. Zinc oxide nanoparticles enhance the tolerance and remediation potential of Bacillus spp. against heavy metal stress. Adsorpt Sci Technol. 2021;2021:1–16.

Article  Google Scholar 

Alavi M, Nokhodchi A. Synthesis and modification of bio-derived antibacterial Ag and ZnO nanoparticles by plants, fungi, and bacteria. Drug Discov Today. 2021;26:1953–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2021.03.030.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ali M, Donakowski MD, Mayer C, Winterer M. Chemical vapor functionalization: a continuous production process for functionalized ZnO nanoparticles. J Nanoparticle Res. 2012;14:0–10.

Article  Google Scholar 

Alshahrani SM, Khafagy E, Riadi Y, Al Saqr A, Alfadhel MM, Hegazy WAH. Amphotericin B-PEG conjugates of ZnO nanoparticles: enhancement antifungal activity with minimal toxicity. Pharmaceutics. 2022;14:1646.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Alvarez-Peral FJ, Zaragoza O, Pedreño Y, Argüelles JC. Protective role of trehalose during severe oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide and the adaptive oxidative stress response in Candida albicans. Microbiology. 2002;148:2599–606.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Anjali KP, Sangeetha BM, Raghunathan R, Devi G, Dutta S. Seaweed mediated fabrication of zinc oxide nanoparticles and their antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer applications. ChemistrySelect. 2021;6:647–56.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ao W, Li J, Yang H, Zeng X, Ma X. Mechanochemical synthesis of zinc oxide nanocrystalline. Powder Technol. 2006;168:148–51.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Arastehfar A, Gabaldón T, Garcia-Rubio R, Jenks JD, Hoenigl M, Salzer HJF, et al. Drug-resistant fungi: an emerging challenge threatening our limited antifungal armamentarium. Antibiotics. 2020;9:1–29.

Article  Google Scholar 

Arciniegas-Grijalba PA, Patiño-Portela MC, Mosquera-Sánchez LP, Guerrero-Vargas JA, Rodríguez-Páez JE. ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and their antifungal activity against coffee fungus Erythricium salmonicolor. Appl Nanosci. 2017;7:225–41.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Aslani P, Mohammadi SR, Roudbary M. Novel formulated zinc oxide nanoparticles reduce Hwp1 gene expression involved in biofilm formation in candida albicans with minimum cytotoxicity effect on human cells. Jundishapur J Microbiol. 2018;11:1–6.

Google Scholar 

Babayevska N, Przysiecka Ł, Iatsunskyi I, Nowaczyk G, Jarek M, Janiszewska E, et al. ZnO size and shape effect on antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity profile. Sci Rep. 2022;12:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-12134-3.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Bailore NN, Balladka SK, Doddapaneni SJDS, Mudiyaru MS. Fabrication of environmentally compatible biopolymer films of pullulan/piscean collagen/ZnO nanocomposite and their antifungal activity. J Polym Environ. 2021;29:1192–201. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-020-01953-y.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Berman J, Krysan DJ. Drug resistance and tolerance in fungi. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2020;18:319–31.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bhattacharyya S, Gedanken A. A template-free, sonochemical route to porous ZnO nano-disks. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 2008;110:553–9.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Bondarenko O, Juganson K, Ivask A, Kasemets K, Mortimer M, Kahru A. Toxicity of Ag, CuO and ZnO nanoparticles to selected environmentally relevant test organisms and mammalian cells in vitro: a critical review. Arch Toxicol. 2013;87:1181–200.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen WJ, Liu WL, Hsieh SH, Tsai TK. Preparation of nanosized ZnO using a brass. Appl Surf Sci. 2007;253:6749–53.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Chin B, Xinxin H, Eng Z, Tan C, Khamis N, Loo JS. Evaluation of the cytotoxic and inflammatory potential of differentially shaped zinc oxide nanoparticles. Arch Toxicol. 2011;85:1517–28.

Article  Google Scholar 

Chuo L, Mahmud S, Khadijah S, Bakhori M, Sirelkhatim A. Effect of surface modification and UVA photoactivation on antibacterial bioactivity of zinc oxide powder. Appl Surf Sci. 2014;292:405–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.11.152.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

da Silva BL, Abuçafy MP, Manaia EB, Junior JAO, Chiari-Andréo BG, Pietro RCLR, et al. Relationship between structure and antimicrobial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles: An overview. Int J Nanomedicine. 2019;14:9395–410.

Article  Google Scholar 

Dananjaya SHS, Kumar RS, Yang M, Nikapitiya C, Lee J, De ZM. Department of marine life sciences, school of marine biomedical sciences, Jeju National SC. Int J Biol Macromol. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.046.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dhanalakshmi R, Pandikumar A, Sujatha K, Gunasekaran P. Photocatalytic and antimicrobial activities of functionalized silicate sol-gel embedded ZnO-TiO2 nanocomposite materials. Mater Express. 2013;3:291–300.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Dhiman S, Varma A, Prasad R, Goel A. Mechanistic insight of the antifungal potential of green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles against Alternaria brassicae. J Nanomater. 2022;2022:1–13.

Article  Google Scholar 

Dimkpa CO, Calder A, Britt DW, McLean JE, Anderson AJ. Responses of a soil bacterium, Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6 to commercial metal oxide nanoparticles compared with responses to metal ions. Environ Pollut. 2011;159:1749–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2011.04.020.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Elkady MF, Hassan HS, Hafez EE, Fouad A. Construction of zinc oxide into different morphological structures to be utilized as antimicrobial agent against multidrug resistant bacteria. Bioinorg Chem Appl. 2015;2015:1–20.

Article  Google Scholar 

Elumalai K, Velmurugan S. Green synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activities of zinc oxide nanoparticles from the leaf extract of Azadirachta indica (L.). Appl Surf Sci. 2015;345:329–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.03.176.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Espitia PJP, Soares NFF, Coimbra JSR, de Andrade NJ, Cruz RS, Medeiros EAA. Zinc oxide nanoparticles: synthesis, antimicrobial activity and food packaging applications. Food Bioprocess Technol. 2012;5:1447–64.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Fabrega J, Luoma SN, Tyler CR, Galloway TS, Lead JR. Silver nanoparticles: behaviour and effects in the aquatic environment. Environ Int. 2011;37:517–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2010.10.012.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Frade T, Melo Jorge ME, Gomes A. One-dimensional ZnO nanostructured films: effect of oxide nanoparticles. Mater Lett. 2012;82:13–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2012.05.028.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ghorbani F, Gorji P, Mobarakeh MS, Mozaffari HR, Masaeli R, Safaei M. Optimized synthesis of xanthan gum/ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposite with high antifungal activity against pathogenic Candida albicans. J Nanomater. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7255181.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ghosh M, Mandal S, Roy A, Chakrabarty S, Chakrabarti G. Enhanced antifungal activity of fl uconazole conjugated with Cu-Ag-ZnO nanocomposite. Mater Sci Eng C. 2020;106: 110160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2019.110160.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Gu T, Yao C, Zhang K, Li C, Ding L, Huang Y, et al. Toxic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles combined with vitamin C and casein phosphopeptides on gastric epithelium cells and the intestinal absorption of mice. RSC Adv. 2018;8:26078–88.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hall-stoodley L, Costerton JW, Stoodley P. Bacterial biofilms: from the natural environment to infectious diseases. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2004;2(2):95–108. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro821.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hameed ASH, Karthikeyan C, Ahamed AP, Thajuddin N, Alharbi NS, Alharbi SA, et al. In vitro antibacterial activity of ZnO and Nd doped ZnO nanoparticles against ESBL producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Sci Rep. 2016;6:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep24312.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Hasnidawani JN, Azlina HN, Norita H, Bonnia NN. Synthesis of ZnO nanostructures using sol-gel method. Procedia Chem. 2016;19:211–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.095.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

He L, Liu Y, Mustapha A, Lin M. Antifungal activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles against Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum. Microbiol Res. 2011;166:207–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2010.03.003.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hernández-Meléndez D, Salas-Téllez E, Zavala-Franco A, Téllez G, Méndez-Albores A, Vázquez-Durán A. Inhibitory effect of flower-shaped zinc oxide nanostructures on the growth and aflatoxin production of a highly toxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus link. Materials (Basel). 2018;11(8):1265. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11081265.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hoseinzadeh A, Habibi-yangjeh A, Davari M. Antifungal activity of magnetically separable Fe3O4/ZnO/AgBr nanocomposites prepared by a facile microwave-assisted method. Prog Nat Sci Mater Int. 2016;26:334–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnsc.2016.06.006.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Hossain CM, Ryan LK, Gera M, Choudhuri S, Lyle N, Ali KA, et al. Antifungals and drug resistance. Encyclopedia.