Amorim FT, Nava RC, Escobar KA, Li Z, Welch AM, Fennel ZJ, Gibson AL (2023) Autophagy in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is associated with body fat percentage. Arch Physiol Biochem 129(4):951–957. https://doi.org/10.1080/13813455.2021.1887267

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Anglade P, Vyas S, Javoy-Agid F, Herrero MT, Michel PP, Marquez J, Agid Y (1997) Apoptosis and autophagy in nigral neurons of patients with Parkinson’s disease. Histol Histopathol 12(1):25–31

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Assogna F, Pellicano C, Savini C, Macchiusi L, Pellicano GR, Alborghetti M, Pontieri FE (2020) Drug choices and advancements for managing depression in Parkinson’s disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 18(4):277–287. https://doi.org/10.2174/1570159X17666191016094857

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bai X, Wu J, Zhang M, Xu Y, Duan L, Yao K, Zu H (2021) DHCR24 knock-down induced Tau hyperphosphorylation at Thr181, Ser199, Thr231, Ser262, Ser396 epitopes and inhibition of autophagy by overactivation of GSK3beta/mTOR signaling. Front Aging Neurosci 13:513605. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2021.513605

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Barth S, Glick D, Macleod KF (2010) Autophagy: assays and artifacts. J Pathol 221(2):117–124. https://doi.org/10.1002/path.2694

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bech P (2015) The responsiveness of the different versions of the Hamilton depression scale. World Psychiatry 14(3):309–310. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20248

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Braak H, Del Tredici K, Rüb U, de Vos RA, Jansen Steur EN, Braak E (2003) Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson’s disease. Neurobiol Aging 24(2):197–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0197-4580(02)00065-9

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Caccamo A, Ferreira E, Branca C, Oddo S (2017) p62 improves AD-like pathology by increasing autophagy. Mol Psychiatry 22(6):865–873. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2016.139

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Casarejos MJ, Solano RM, Gomez A, Perucho J, de Yebenes JG, Mena MA (2011) The accumulation of neurotoxic proteins, induced by proteasome inhibition, is reverted by trehalose, an enhancer of autophagy, in human neuroblastoma cells. Neurochem Int 58(4):512–520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2011.01.008

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cleary C, Linde JA, Hiscock KM, Hadas I, Belmaker RH, Agam G, Einat H (2008) Antidepressive-like effects of rapamycin in animal models: Implications for mTOR inhibition as a new target for treatment of affective disorders. Brain Res Bull 76(5):469–473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.03.005

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dobkin RD, Menza M, Bienfait KL, Gara M, Marin H, Mark MH, Troster A (2010) The impact of antidepressant treatment on cognitive functioning in depressed patients with Parkinson’s disease. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 22(2):188–195. https://doi.org/10.1176/jnp.2010.22.2.188

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

El-Saiy KA, Sayed RH, El-Sahar AE, Kandil EA (2022) Modulation of histone deacetylase, the ubiquitin proteasome system, and autophagy underlies the neuroprotective effects of venlafaxine in a rotenone-induced Parkinson’s disease model in rats. Chem Biol Interact 354:109841. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109841

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Guo D, Ying Z, Wang H, Chen D, Gao F, Ren H, Wang G (2015) Regulation of autophagic flux by CHIP. Neurosci Bull 31(4):469–479. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-015-1543-7

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hamilton M (1960) A rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 23(1):56–62. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Huang R, Gao Y, Chen J, Duan Q, He P, Zhang J, Wang L (2022) TGR5 agonist INT-777 alleviates inflammatory neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease mouse model by modulating mitochondrial dynamics in microglia. Neuroscience 490:100–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.02.028

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jamali-Raeufy N, Alizadeh F, Mehrabi Z, Mehrabi S, Goudarzi M (2021) Acetyl-L-carnitine confers neuroprotection against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced neuroinflammation by targeting TLR4/NFκB, autophagy, inflammation and oxidative stress. Metab Brain Dis 36(6):1391–1401. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-021-00715-6

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kara NZ, Toker L, Agam G, Anderson GW, Belmaker RH, Einat H (2013) Trehalose induced antidepressant-like effects and autophagy enhancement in mice. Psychopharmacology 229(2):367–375. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-013-3119-4

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kara NZ, Flaisher-Grinberg S, Anderson GW, Agam G, Einat H (2018) Mood-stabilizing effects of rapamycin and its analog temsirolimus: relevance to autophagy. Behav Pharmacol 29(4):379–384. https://doi.org/10.1097/FBP.0000000000000334

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kim KR, Park SE, Hong JY, Koh JY, Cho DH, Hwang JJ, Kim YH (2022) Zinc enhances autophagic flux and lysosomal function through transcription factor EB activation and V-ATPase assembly. Front Cell Neurosci 16:895750. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2022.895750

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kuusisto E, Parkkinen L, Alafuzoff I (2003) Morphogenesis of lewy bodies: dissimilar incorporation of alpha-synuclein, ubiquitin, and p62. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 62(12):1241–1253. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnen/62.12.1241

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kuzis G, Sabe L, Tiberti C, Leiguarda R, Starkstein SE (1997) Cognitive functions in major depression and Parkinson disease. Arch Neurol 54(8):982–986. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.1997.00550200046009

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li Y, Yin Q, Wang B, Shen T, Luo W, Liu T (2022) Preclinical reserpine models recapitulating motor and non-motor features of Parkinson’s disease: roles of epigenetic upregulation of alpha-synuclein and autophagy impairment. Front Pharmacol 13:944376. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.944376

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lu J, Wu M, Yue Z (2020) Autophagy and Parkinson’s disease. Adv Exp Med Biol 1207:21–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4272-5_2

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lv S, Wang H, Li X (2021) The role of the interplay between autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome in metabolic disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 9:634118. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.634118

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Maiti P, Manna J, Dunbar GL (2017) Current understanding of the molecular mechanisms in Parkinson’s disease: targets for potential treatments. Transl Neurodegener 6:28. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40035-017-0099-z

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mak SK, McCormack AL, Manning-Bog AB, Cuervo AM, Di Monte DA (2010) Lysosomal degradation of alpha-synuclein in vivo. J Biol Chem 285(18):13621–13629. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M109.074617

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Marinus J, Zhu K, Marras C, Aarsland D, van Hilten JJ (2018) Risk factors for non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease. Lancet Neurol 17(6):559–568. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30127-3

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Moon SH, Kwon Y, Huh YE, Choi HJ (2022) Trehalose ameliorates prodromal non-motor deficits and aberrant protein accumulation in a rotenone-induced mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. Arch Pharm Res 45(6):417–432. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-022-01386-2

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nakaso K, Yoshimoto Y, Nakano T, Takeshima T, Fukuhara Y, Yasui K, Nakashima K (2004) Transcriptional activation of p62/A170/ZIP during the formation of the aggregates: possible mechanisms and the role in lewy body formation in Parkinson’s disease. Brain Res 1012(1–2):42–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2004.03.029

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nasreddine ZS, Phillips NA, Bedirian V, Charbonneau S, Whitehead V, Collin I, Chertkow H (2005) The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. J Am Geriatr Soc 53(4):695–699. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Norman S, Troster AI, Fields JA, Brooks R (2002) Effects of depression and Parkinson’s disease on cognitive functioning. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 14(1):31–36. https://doi.org/10.1176/jnp.14.1.31

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pankiv S, Clausen TH, Lamark T, Brech A, Bruun JA, Outzen H, Johansen T (2007) p62/SQSTM1 binds directly to Atg8/LC3 to facilitate degradation of ubiquitinated protein aggregates by autophagy. J Biol Chem 282(33):24131–24145. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M702824200

Article  CAS