Houston BA, Taichman DB, Brittain EL, Tedford RJ. Right Ventricular Failure. N Engl J Med. 2023;388(12):1111–25. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra2207410.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sanders JL, Koestenberger M, Rosenkranz S, Maron BA. Right ventricular dysfunction and long-term risk of death. Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy. 2020;10(5):1646–58. https://doi.org/10.21037/cdt-20-450.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Voelkel NF, Quaife RA, Leinwand LA, Barst RJ, McGoon MD, Meldrum DR, Dupuis J, Long CS, Rubin LJ, Smart FW, et al. Right Ventricular Function and Failure. Circulation. 2006;114(17):1883–91. https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.106.632208.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Konstam MA, Kiernan MS, Bernstein D, Bozkurt B, Jacob M, Kapur NK, Kociol RD, Lewis EF, Mehra MR, Pagani FD, et al. Evaluation and Management of Right-Sided Heart Failure: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2018;137(20):e578–622. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000560FromNLMMedline.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Klinke A, Schubert T, Muller M, Legchenko E, Zelt JGE, Shimauchi T, Napp LC, Rothman AMK, Bonnet S, Stewart DJ, et al. Emerging therapies for right ventricular dysfunction and failure. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther. 2020;10(5):1735–67. https://doi.org/10.21037/cdt-20-592FromNLMPubMed-not-MEDLINE.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lopaschuk GD, Karwi QG, Tian R, Wende AR, Abel ED. Cardiac Energy Metabolism in Heart Failure. Circ Res. 2021;128(10):1487–513. https://doi.org/10.1161/circresaha.121.318241.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Agrawal V, Lahm T, Hansmann G, Hemnes AR. Molecular mechanisms of right ventricular dysfunction in pulmonary arterial hypertension: focus on the coronary vasculature, sex hormones, and glucose/lipid metabolism. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther. 2020;10(5):1522–40. https://doi.org/10.21037/cdt-20-404FromNLMPubMed-not-MEDLINE.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nabeh OA, Saud AI, Amin B, Khedr AS, Amr A, Faoosa AM, Esmat E, Mahmoud YM, Hatem A, Mohamed M, et al. A Systematic Review of Novel Therapies of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. 2024;24(1):39–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40256-023-00613-5FromNLMMedline.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sabbah HN, Gupta RC, Kohli S, Wang M, Hachem S, Zhang K. Chronic Therapy With Elamipretide (MTP-131), a Novel Mitochondria-Targeting Peptide, Improves Left Ventricular and Mitochondrial Function in Dogs With Advanced Heart Failure. Circ Heart Fail. 2016;9(2):e002206. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.115.002206FromNLMMedline.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Piao L, Fang Y-H, Parikh K, Ryan JJ, Toth PT, Archer SL. Cardiac glutaminolysis: a maladaptive cancer metabolism pathway in the right ventricle in pulmonary hypertension. J Mol Med. 2013;91(10):1185–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00109-013-1064-7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dewachter L, Dewachter C. Inflammation in Right Ventricular Failure: Does It Matter? Frontiers in Physiology 2018;9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.01056.

Lippmann MR, Maron BA. The Right Ventricle: From Embryologic Development to RV Failure. Curr Heart Fail Rep. 2022;19(5):325–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11897-022-00572-z.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sydykov A, Mamazhakypov A, Petrovic A, Kosanovic D, Sarybaev AS, Weissmann N Ghofrani HA, Schermuly RT. Inflammatory Mediators Drive Adverse Right Ventricular Remodeling and Dysfunction and Serve as Potential Biomarkers. Front Physiology 2018;9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.00609.

Egemnazarov B, Crnkovic S, Nagy BM, Olschewski H, Kwapiszewska G. Right ventricular fibrosis and dysfunction: Actual concepts and common misconceptions. Matrix Biol. 2018;68–69:507–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matbio.2018.01.010.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Roe A, Frisk M, Louch W. Targeting Cardiomyocyte Ca2+ Homeostasis in Heart Failure. Curr Pharm Des. 2014;21(4):431–48. https://doi.org/10.2174/138161282104141204124129.

Article  Google Scholar 

Frump AL, Bonnet S, De Jesus Perez VA, Lahm T. Emerging role of angiogenesis in adaptive and maladaptive right ventricular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiology-Lung Cellular Mol Physiology. 2018;314(3):L443–60. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00374.2017.

Article  Google Scholar 

DuPont M, Tang WHW. Right Ventricular Afterload and the Role of Nitric Oxide Metabolism in Left-Sided Heart Failure. J Cardiac Fail. 2013;19(10):712–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cardfail.2013.08.004.

Article  Google Scholar 

Park JF, Clark VR, Banerjee S, Hong J, Razee A. Williams, T.; Fishbein, G.; Saddic, L.; Umar, S. Transcriptomic Analysis of Right Ventricular Remodeling in Two Rat Models of Pulmonary Hypertension. Circulation: Heart Failure 2021;14(2). https://doi.org/10.1161/circheartfailure.120.007058.

Imoto K, Okada M, Yamawaki H. Expression profile of matricellular proteins in hypertrophied right ventricle of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertensive rats. J Vet Med Sci. 2017;79(6):1096–102. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.17-0053.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Frangogiannis NG. Transforming growth factor-beta in myocardial disease. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2022;19(7):435–55. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-021-00646-wFromNLMMedline.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Falcão-Pires I, Gonçalves N, Henriques-Coelho T, Moreira-Gonçalves D, Roncon-Albuquerque R, Leite-Moreira AF. Apelin decreases myocardial injury and improves right ventricular function in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiology-Heart Circulatory Physiology. 2009;296(6):H2007–14. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00089.2009.

Article  Google Scholar 

Kawut SM, Al-Naamani N, Agerstrand C, Berman Rosenzweig E, Rowan C, Barst RJ, Bergmann S, Horn EM. Determinants of Right Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Chest. 2009;135(3):752–9. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.08-1758.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rako ZA, Kremer N, Yogeswaran A, Richter MJ, Tello K. Adaptive versus maladaptive right ventricular remodeling. ESC Heart Failure. 2023;10(2):762–75. https://doi.org/10.1002/ehf2.14233.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hsu S, Simpson CE, Houston BA, Wand A, Sato T, Kolb TM, Mathai SC,Kass DA, Hassoun PM, Damico RL et al. Multi‐Beat Right Ventricular‐Arterial Coupling Predicts Clinical Worsening in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. J Am Heart Association 2020;9(10). https://doi.org/10.1161/jaha.119.016031.

Tello K, Wan J, Dalmer A, Vanderpool R, Ghofrani HA, Naeije R, Roller F, Mohajerani E, Seeger W, Herberg U et al. Validation of the Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion/Systolic Pulmonary Artery Pressure Ratio for the Assessment of Right Ventricular-Arterial Coupling in Severe Pulmonary Hypertension. Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging 2019;12(9). https://doi.org/10.1161/circimaging.119.009047.

Anastasiou V, Papazoglou AS, Moysidis DV, Daios S, Barmpagiannos K, Gossios T, Efthimiadis GK, Karamitsos T, Ziakas A, Kamperidis V. The prognostic impact of right ventricular-pulmonary arterial coupling in heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart Fail Rev. 2023;29(1):13–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10741-023-10341-2.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liu J, Han D, Wang T, Liu P, Zhao Y, Zuo X. Role of inflammation and apoptosis in right ventricular dysfunction induced by injurious mechanical ventilation in rats. Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue. 2022;34(5):519–24. https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn121430-20210401-00482FromNLMMedline.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bekedam FT, Goumans MJ, Bogaard HJ, de Man FS, Llucia-Valldeperas A. Molecular mechanisms and targets of right ventricular fibrosis in pulmonary hypertension. Pharmacol Ther. 2023;244:108389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108389FromNLMMedline.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Andersen S, Axelsen JB, Ringgaard S, Nyengaard JR, Hyldebrandt JA, Bogaard HJ, de Man FS, Nielsen-Kudsk JE, Andersen A. Effects of combined angiotensin II receptor antagonism and neprilysin inhibition in experimental pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure. Int J Cardiol. 2019;293:203–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.06.065.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Oknińska M, Zajda K, Zambrowska Z, Grzanka M, Paterek A, Mackiewicz U, Szczylik C, Kurzyna M, Piekiełko-Witkowska A, Torbicki A et al. Role of Oxygen Starvation in Right Ventricular Decompensation and Failure in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. JACC: Heart Failure 2024;12 (2), 235–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchf.2023.03.010.

Ahmadi A, Renaud JM, Promislow S, Burwash IG, Dwivedi G, Klein R, Zelt JGE, deKemp RA, Beanlands RS, Mielniczuk LM. Increased myocardial oxygen consumption rates are associated with maladaptive right ventricular remodeling and decreased event-free survival in heart failure patients. J Nucl Cardiol. 2021;28(6):2784–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12350-020-02144-xFromNLMMedline.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zimmer A, Teixeira RB, Bonetto JHP, Bahr AC, Türck P, De Castro AL, Campos-Carraro C, Visioli F, Fernandes-Piedras TR, Casali KR, et al. Role of inflammation, oxidative stress, and autonomic nervous system activation during the development of right and left cardiac remodeling in experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension. Mol Cell Biochem. 2020;464(1–2):93–109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-019-03652-2.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brittain EL, Niswender K, Agrawal V, Chen X, Fan R, Pugh ME, Rice TW, Robbins IM, Song H, Thompson C et al. Mechanistic Phase II Clinical Trial of Metformin in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. J American Heart Association 2020;9(22). https://doi.org/10.1161/jaha.120.018349.

Graham BB, Kumar R, Mickael C, Sanders L, Gebreab L, Huber KM, Perez M, Smith-Jones P, Serkova NJ, Tuder RM. Severe pulmonary hypertension is associated with altered right ventricle metabolic substrate uptake. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2015;309(5):L435-440. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00169.2015FromNLMMedline.

Article